The bicycle, a simple yet revolutionary invention, has played a pivotal role in transforming transportation, leisure, and sustainability. Its evolution spans centuries, with each era bringing new innovations that have shaped cycling culture as we know it today.

The Early Beginnings

The story of the bicycle begins in 1817 with the invention of the "Draisine," a two-wheeled, human-powered contraption created by Baron Karl von Drais in Germany. This rudimentary design, often referred to as a "running machine," lacked pedals but introduced the concept of a steerable front wheel, setting the stage for modern bicycles. (Bicycle Network)

By the 1860s, the "Velocipede," nicknamed the "Boneshaker" due to its rigid iron frame and wooden wheels, became the first pedal-powered bicycle. While innovative, its bumpy ride underscored the need for further refinements. (History.com)

The Bicycle Boom

The 1870s introduced the "Penny-Farthing," a striking design characterized by a large front wheel and a much smaller rear wheel. Although impractical and precarious to ride, the Penny-Farthing captured public imagination and cemented the bicycle’s place in popular culture.

The advent of the "Safety Bicycle" in the 1880s marked a turning point. This design featured equally sized wheels and a chain-driven rear wheel, making it more stable and accessible. With the addition of pneumatic tires, developed by John Boyd Dunlop in 1888, cycling became smoother and more comfortable, sparking a global bicycle craze. (Bicycle Network)

New Zealand’s Bicycle Beginnings

Bicycles arrived in New Zealand during the 1870s and were quickly embraced for their practicality in navigating the country’s diverse terrain. In rural areas, they became indispensable for travel and even postal services. By the early 20th century, cycling clubs and races proliferated, fostering a vibrant cycling culture. (Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand)

20th Century Innovations

The 20th century saw a surge of innovations that enhanced the bicycle’s utility and appeal. Multi-speed gears, hand brakes, and lightweight frames revolutionized cycling. Bicycles transitioned from a utilitarian mode of transport to a recreational activity and competitive sport. During this period, bicycles became a symbol of freedom and mobility, particularly for women during the suffragette movement.

The Rise of the Automobile

The rise of motor vehicles in the 20th century significantly impacted the role of bicycles and the design of cities. As cars became more affordable and accessible, urban planning shifted to prioritise roads and highways, often at the expense of cycling infrastructure. Cities expanded outward, promoting suburban living and long commutes, which further entrenched car dependency. Amenities were also placed out the outskirts of cities in shopping malls, and the bike became increasingly marginalised as a primary mode of transport, relegating them to recreational use in many parts of the world.

However, this dominance of cars also sparked movements advocating for cycling-friendly infrastructure. Cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam emerged as global leaders in integrating bicycles into urban design, proving that cycling could coexist with modern transport systems. In recent decades, growing awareness of environmental issues and urban congestion has reignited interest in bicycles as a Climate Fighting Machine (Cycling UK), inspiring many cities to reclaim space for cyclists and pedestrians. Just have a look at Paris where cyclists now outnumber motorists (Forbes 2024). Or, a little closer to home; Christchurch, has been transformed since the 2011 earthquake into New Zealand's cycle-friendly paradise, with a network of over 70kms of dedicated cycle lanes.